Business combinations, except for transactions between entities under common control, are accounted for using the acquisition method. The purchase price includes total consideration paid to acquire the entity’s assets and liabilities, as well as contingent consideration at fair value. The acquired identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are measured at fair value at the date of the acquisition. Acquisition costs incurred are expensed under Selling, general and administrative expenses. Changes in the fair value of contingent consideration resulting from events after the acquisition date are recognised in the Consolidated statement of income under Other income.

Equinor recognises a gain/loss on disposal of a subsidiary when control is lost. Any remaining interest in the former subsidiary is recognised at fair value. When partially divesting subsidiaries which do not constitute a business, and where the remaining investment in the former subsidiary is an associate or a jointly controlled investment, Equinor only recognises the gain or loss on the divested part within Other income or Operating expenses, respectively. The remaining interest in the former subsidiary is initially not remeasured, and subsequently accounted for using the equity method.

On the NCS, all disposals of assets are performed including the tax base (after-tax). Any gain includes the release of tax liabilities previously recognised related to the assets in question and is recognised in full in Other income in the Consolidated statement of income.

Assets classified as held for sale Non-current assets are classified separately as held for sale in the Consolidated balance sheet when a sale is highly probable. This condition is met when an asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, Equinor’s management is committed to the sale, and the sale is expected to be completed within one year from the date of classification. In Equinor, these requirements are normally met when management has approved a negotiated letter of intent with the counterparties (a ‘DGC’). Liabilities directly associated with the assets classified as held for sale and expected to be included as part of the sales transaction, are also classified separately. The net assets and liabilities of a disposal group classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

Determining whether an acquisition meets the definition of a business combination requires judgement to be applied on a case-by-case basis. Acquisitions are assessed to establish whether the transaction represents a business combination or an asset purchase, and the conclusion may materially affect the financial statements both in the transaction period and subsequent periods. Similar assessments are performed upon the acquisition of an interest in a joint operation. Depending on the specific facts, acquisitions of exploration and evaluation licences for which a development decision has not yet been made have largely been concluded to represent asset purchases, while purchases of producing assets have largely been concluded to represent business acquisitions. Accounting judgement regarding partial divestments The policy regarding partial divestments of subsidiaries is based on careful consideration of the requirements and scope of IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements and IAS 28 Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures. The conclusion requires judgement to be applied on a case-by-case basis, considering the substance of the transactions. In evaluating the standards’ requirements, Equinor acknowledges pending considerations related to several relevant and similar issues which have been postponed by the IASB in anticipation of concurrent consideration at a later date. Where assets are transferred into separate legal entities concurrently with a portion of the entities’ shares being sold to a third party, thereby resulting in Equinor’s loss of control of those asset-owning subsidiaries, and where investments in joint ventures are established simultaneously, Equinor has concluded to only recognise the gain on the divested portion.

On 30 September 2022, Equinor closed a transaction with Sval Energi AS to divest Equinor’s entire ownership share in the Greater Ekofisk Area including its share in Norpipe Oil AS, and a 19% ownership share in Martin Linge. The cash consideration paid upon closing of the transaction amounted to USD 293 million after interim period settlement. In addition, an estimated contingent consideration of USD 169 million linked to realised oil and gas prices for 2022 and 2023 was recognised.

Equinor retained a 51% ownership share in Martin Linge and continues as operator of the field. The disposal resulted in a decrease in property, plant and equipment of USD 1,493 million, a decrease in asset retirement obligation of USD 376 million, a decrease in deferred tax liability of USD 597 million and a decrease in taxes payable of USD 686 million. A post-tax gain of USD 655 million is presented in the line item Other income in the Consolidated statement of income in the E&P Norway segment.

Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, Equinor announced that it had decided to stop new investments in Russia and start the process of exiting Equinor’s joint arrangements. Based on this decision, Equinor evaluated its assets in Russia and recognised net impairments of USD 1,083 million in the first quarter, of which USD 251 million was related to property, plant and equipment and intangible assets and USD 832 million was related to investments accounted for using the equity method.

The impairments were net of contingent consideration from the time of acquiring the assets. The impairments were recognised in the line items Depreciation, amortisation and net impairment losses and Exploration expenses in the Consolidated statement of income based on the nature of the impaired assets and reflected in the E&P International segment.

During the second quarter, Equinor transferred its participating interests in four Russian entities to Rosneft and was released from all future commitments and obligations with no material impact on the financial statements. The ownership interests in Kharyaga were transferred to the operator.